Ucwaningo olunokwenzeka lwephrojekthi yokusabalalisa
تستعرض دراسة جدوى مشروع توزيعات فرصة مجدية لرجال الأعمال الراغبين في بدء مشاريعهم الخاصة في مجال الاحتفالات والمناسبات.
Le phrojekthi ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokusabalalisa okusha nokukhangayo kokuzalwa nemishado.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, labo abafisa ukuqala ibhizinisi lokusabalalisa bangathola ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nendlela yokuthenga izinto zakudala kanye nokusabalalisa kubahlinzeki abathembekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangathenga izitendi ezifanele ukuze babonise lokhu kusakazwa ngendlela ekhangayo nenhle.
Ucwaningo olunokwenzeka lwephrojekthi Yokusabalalisa lubonakala ngokuba umbono okulula ukuwuqalisa nokusebenza, futhi luvumela abantu abancamela ukusebenzela ekhaya ukuze benze inzuzo ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo ku-inthanethi.
Ngenxa yenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezingosi ze-e-commerce, ibhizinisi lingafinyelela inhlobonhlobo yamakhasimende angaba khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibiko eminingi esenziwe ngomumo kanye nezifundo ziyatholakala ezisiza osomabhizinisi bahlaziye ukuthi kungenzeka yini iphrojekthi futhi balinganisele ukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo kanye nenzuzo elindelekile esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside.
Le mibiko ihlanganisa ulwazi olubalulekile nezifanekiso esezilungile ezilungele izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zocwaningo okungenzeka?
- Izifundo zokwenzeka kwemvelo:
Lolu cwaningo luphathelene nokuhlola imithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo yephrojekthi ehlongozwayo.
Imithelela emhlabeni, imithombo yamanzi kanye nemvelo iyahlaziywa, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi isetshenziswa ngendlela esimeme futhi ehambisana nemithetho yezemvelo. - Izifundo zokufaneleka kwezomthetho:
Lolu cwaningo lugxile ekuhloleni izici zomthetho nemithetho ehlobene nomsebenzi.
Kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwezimvume ezidingekayo, amalayisense, nemithetho kazwelonke neyendawo ehlobene nephrojekthi.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho nokugwema izinkinga zomthetho ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo. - Izifundo zokukwazi ukumaketha:
Lolu cwaningo luphathelene nokuhlaziya imakethe, izidingo zabathengi, kanye nokuncintisana okungaba khona.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhlose ukunquma amathuba okuphumelela kwephrojekthi nokunquma isu elifanele lokumaketha lokuheha amakhasimende. - Izifundo zokufaneleka kobuchwepheshe:
Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe.
Amathuluzi adingekayo, izinsiza zabantu kanye nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe iphrojekthi ngempumelelo kuyahlaziywa.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhlose ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenza kwephrojekthi. - Izifundo zokuba nokwenzeka kwezezimali:
Lolu cwaningo luphathelene nokuhlaziywa kwezimali kwephrojekthi ehlongozwayo.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa izindleko, imali engenayo elindelekile, kanye nenzuzo engaba khona yephrojekthi esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhlose ukunquma ukuba nokwenzeka kwezezimali kwephrojekthi kanye nokuhlola ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo. - Izifundo zokufaneleka komphakathi:
Lolu cwaningo lugxile ekuhlaziyeni imithelela yephrojekthi yomphakathi engaba khona.
Imithelela emphakathini wendawo, amasiko, imisebenzi kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho iyahlolwa, ngenhloso yokunquma ukusimama kwephrojekthi kanye nomthelela omuhle emphakathini.
Yiziphi izici zocwaningo lokungenzeka?
1- Ukukhathazeka ngekusasa: Ucwaningo lokungenzeka lufuna ukuhlola imibono yokutshala imali engase ihlale isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kocwaningo lokungenzeka kulele ekuzuzeni inzuzo enkulu kuphrojekthi.
2- Usizo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo: Ucwaningo lokungenzeka lusiza ekuhlaziyeni zonke izici ezihlobene nephrojekthi, njengezinto zomnotho, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomthetho, nezokuhlela.
Ngakho, kuyasiza ekukhetheni amathuba atholakalayo okutshala imali ngendlela efanele necacile.
3- Ukunquma ukufaneleka kombono wokutshalwa kwezimali: Ucwaningo lokunokwenzeka luhlose ukunquma ukufaneleka kombono wokutshala imali wephrojekthi.
Ngakho-ke, kungenziwa isinqumo sokuqala iphrojekthi noma ukuyigwema uma umbono wokutshala imali ubonakala ungaphumeleli.
4- Ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho: Ucwaningo lokungenzeka luphinde lunikeze ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, lwezomnotho, olusebenzayo, lwezomthetho, lwesikhashana nolwezobuchwepheshe kuphrojekthi.
Lokhu kunikeza umtshali-zimali isilinganiso esinzima sesikhathi azosithatha ukuze aqalise iphrojekthi nokuthi ingabe iphrojekthi iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezingokomthetho nezingokoqobo zemakethe eqondiwe.
Ubani owenza ucwaningo lokungenzeka?
تعتبر دراسة الجدوى خطوة أساسية في عملية تطوير المشاريع واستثمار الأموال.
Ngalolu cwaningo, iphrojekthi ihlaziywa ezicini eziningi futhi ukuthi kungenzeka yini kwezezimali nezomnotho kuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukuqaliswa kwayo kuqale.
Eqinisweni, kunezinketho eziningi zokulungiselela isifundo esingenzeka.
Umnikazi wephrojekthi angalungiselela umqondo wokuqala wocwaningo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe nolwazi lwephrojekthi kanye nemakethe yayo eqondiwe.
Angase futhi athintane nochwepheshe kanye nabeluleki ukuze athole usizo oludingekayo ekulungiseleleni ucwaningo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, izifundo ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili zamaphrojekthi afanayo nazo zingasetshenziswa.
Lezi zifundo zivame ukunikezwa amabhizinisi akhuthaza amaphrojekthi amasha futhi awenze atholakale kulabo abangaba abatshalizimali.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo kufanele zifake amaphrojekthi ethulwe phambilini, okungenzeka kube ajwayelekile futhi angahambisani kahle nombono omusha wephrojekthi.
Ngokuvamile, amahhovisi okubonisana kungathenjelwa kuwo ukuthi alungiselele ucwaningo lokungenzeka, njengoba lawa mahhovisi anesipiliyoni nobuchule kulo mkhakha.
Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenzisa komnikazi wephrojekthi ihhovisi lokubonisana kungenisa izindleko ezengeziwe zokulungiselela isifundo.
Ngokuvamile, ucwaningo lokungenzeka lubhekwa njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwephrojekthi futhi kuzuzwe inzuzo elindelekile.
Ukuqaliswa kwalolu cwaningo kuncike kulwazi lomnikazi wombono, abaxhumanisi abakhethekile, noma izifundo zangaphambilini.
Ngenxa yalokho, zonke izici zephrojekthi zihlaziywa, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwezingozi, izindleko kanye nokubuyisela okulindelekile, okusiza usomabhizinisi ukuba enze isinqumo esifanele ngaphambi kokutshala imali kuphrojekthi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-business plan kanye ne-feasibility study?
تعد دراسة الجدوى أول خطوة في إنشاء مشروع جديد، حيث تركز على تحليل جوانب متعددة للمشروع لتحديد مدى جدواه وإمكانية نجاحه.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici zomnotho, ezezimali, ezokuthengisa kanye nezobuchwepheshe.
Ucwaningo lokungenzeka luncike ocwaningweni olucophelelayo kanye nolwazi olunembile ukuze kulinganiswe izindleko nemali engenayo, kanye nokulindelwe esikhathini esizayo sephrojekthi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lwebhizinisi luza ngemva kokuphothulwa kocwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini futhi kunqunywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini iphrojekthi.
Ngemva kokuba izinto sezicace futhi nombono ocacile wephrojekthi usucaciswe ngamakristalu, uhlelo lokusebenza olunemininingwane lungalungiselelwa ukufeza izinhloso zephrojekthi.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlose ukusungula izinhlelo ezicacile, eziqondile zesenzo kanye nokuhlela ukuqaliswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa imininingwane edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo iphrojekthi, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi, izinsiza, izikhathi ezimisiwe, izindleko, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona.
Ngokusekelwa Imodeli Yebhizinisi, umbono omfushane wephrojekthi ungathuthukiswa futhi ubhalwe ekhasini elilodwa.
"I-Business Model Canvas" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izici eziyinhloko zephrojekthi.
Imodeli yebhizinisi iyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuqonda inani elengeziwe lephrojekthi kanye nokuchaza izindlela zokuqaliswa kwayo.
Yiziphi izinkomba ezinhlanu zocwaningo lokungenzeka oluyimpumelelo?
- I-Net Present Value (NPV): I-NPV ingenye yezinkomba ezibonakalayo nezijwayelekile ocwaningweni lokuthi kungenzeka yini umsebenzi.
Ibalwa ngokukhipha inani eliphelele lezindleko zesikhathi esizayo enanini lamanje lezindleko.
Uma inani le-NPV lilihle, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ingenzeka futhi ikufanele ukutshalwa kwezimali. - Isikhathi sokukhokha imali enkulu: Isikhathi sokubuyisela imali enkulu sisho ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iphrojekthi ibuyise ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuchithwe kuyo.
Uma isikhathi sokukhokha imali enkulu sisifushane, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iphrojekthi iyakwazi ukuzuza imbuyiselo yezimali ngokushesha. - Ukuhlaziywa Kwezezimali Inzuzo Elindelwe Nokulahlekelwa: Ukuhlaziywa kwezezimali kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa inani okulindeleke ukuthi lithathwe kuphrojekthi kanye nokulinganisa izindleko ezilindelekile zokusebenzisa iphrojekthi.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kusiza ukuhlola inzuzo yephrojekthi futhi kuzuze imbuyiselo yezomnotho. - Ukungena nokuphuma kwemali okulindelekile: Ukuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwemali okulindelekile kuhloswe ukulinganisa izimali ezizongena kuphrojekthi futhi ezizophuma kuyo phakathi nesikhathi esithile, ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhambisana kwezimali kanye nokuzuza ibhalansi yezezimali.
- Isakhiwo senhlangano kanye nobukhulu bomsebenzi odingekayo: Umbiko wocwaningo lokungenzeka kufanele uqukathe ukuhlaziya okudidiyelwe kwesakhiwo senhlangano esidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe iphrojekthi, ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sobukhulu bomsebenzi odingekayo.
Lokhu kusiza ekulinganiseni izindleko ezihambisana nabaphathi kanye nokuthola ibhalansi efanelekile phakathi kwekhwalithi nezindleko.
Yini eza ngemva kocwaningo lokungenzeka?
- Ukulungiswa kwesitatimende:
Kulesi sinyathelo, imiphumela yocwaningo lokungenzeka iyabuyekezwa futhi ibhalwe phansi.
Kugxilwe ekuhlaziyeni idatha neziphetho ezifinyelelwe ucwaningo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungenzeka impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwephrojekthi.
Lesi sitatimende sihlanganisa nezici zezezimali nezomnotho zephrojekthi. - Nquma usayizi wephrojekthi:
Kulesi sinyathelo, umthamo wokukhiqiza, umthamo ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza, umthamo omkhulu, nokwanda okulindelekile ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi kunqunywa.
Lokhu kuhloswe ukunquma amandla ephrojekthi okuncintisana emakethe kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esingaba khona. - Isici sokumaketha:
Lesi sinyathelo sihlanganisa zonke izinqubo ezihambisana nokumaketha iphrojekthi.
Uhlobo luyahlaziywa, kukhethwe uphawu olufanele, isevisi yamakhasimende nokukhangisa kuyenziwa.
Ucwaningo olumayelana nokumaketha lungesinye sezinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuzuza impumelelo nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi. - Isici sobuchwepheshe:
Kulesi sinyathelo, kugxilwe emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe yephrojekthi.
Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zengqalasizinda ezidingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe iphrojekthi ngempumelelo. - uhlelo lokusebenza:
Ngemva kocwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini, uhlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane yephrojekthi luyalungiswa.
Izinjongo namasu ephrojekthi ayachazwa futhi izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzifeza phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi ziyanqunywa.
Ukwakha uhlelo lwebhizinisi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi izosetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngokweshejuli ebekiwe.
Ingabe bukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kocwaningo lokungenzeka, ukuphatha kanye nempumelelo yephrojekthi?
تشير العديد من الأبحاث والخبراء إلى وجود علاقة وثيقة بين دراسة الجدوى والإدارة ونجاح المشروع.
Ucwaningo lokungenzeka lungelinye lamathuluzi elisiza ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuphatha ezilungile nezinempumelelo mayelana nephrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali.
Uma noma ubani enza ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini iphrojekthi yakhe, kufanele acabangele izici eziningi zokuphatha nezokuhlela.
Lokhu kudinga ukuhlaziya indawo yokulawula yenkampani, kuthuthukiswe uhlaka lwenhlangano olusebenzayo nolufanelekile, kanye nokunquma izidingo zezezimali nezabasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokungenzeka lusiza ekwakheni uhlelo oluqinile lokuphatha ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo iphrojekthi.
Ukuhlaziya ucwaningo olunokwenzeka lwemakethe, ukuncintisana, kanye nolwazi lwezinkampani ezifanayo kunikeza iphrojekthi ithuba elikhulu lokuphumelela.
Mayelana nokusimama, ucwaningo lokungenzeka lunikeza ithuba lokuhlonza amasu okuphatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwephrojekthi.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya izici zemvelo, ezomthetho, nezomnotho ezingase zithinte iphrojekthi, kanye nokucacisa izidingo zesikhathi esizayo zephrojekthi.
Ngokuthembela ocwaningweni lokuthi kungenzeka yini, labo ababhekele iphrojekthi bayakwazi ukwenza izinqumo zokuphatha zamasu ezifinyelela impumelelo yephrojekthi.
قد يشمل ذلك توفير السيولة المالية اللازمة، وتطوير استراتيجيات التسويق والترويج، وبناء هيكل إداري جيد.
